Arts Research & Publications

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Open Access
The fishes of Bukwa, Uganda, a lower Miocene (Burdigalian) locality of East Africa
(Taylor & Francis, 2017-06-22) Murray, Alison M.; Argyriou, Thodoris; Cote, Susanne; MacLatchy, Laura
ABSTRACT—Renewed research at the early Miocene fossil site of Bukwa in northeastern Uganda has resulted in new fossil finds, including fish, with representatives of two families, Cichlidae and Alestidae. Although the two families were previously briefly reported from Bukwa, we here give a more detailed account of the fishes based on newly collected material. The cichlid material, mainly composed of vertebrae, can be tentatively assigned to one or more species of Pseudocrenilabrinae. The alestid material, comprising a diversity of teeth, likely represents several different species of Alestes, Brycinus and/or Bryconaethiops. Although the ichthyofaunal diversity of Bukwa is low, the fishes are important to indicate the paleoenvironment and hydrographic connections of Bukwa. The early Miocene was a critical time for African faunas, as it was during this time that the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian plates came into contact with one another, ending the long isolation of Africa, which, along with rifting in East Africa, created new terrestrial and hydrological connections allowing faunal interchanges. Bukwa is one of only a few African early Miocene localities known that sample fish, and, based on these fish, probably represents an area of interconnected lakes and large rivers including floodplains.
Open Access
Ruminant mesowear reveals consistently browse-dominated diets throughout the early and middle Miocene of eastern Africa
(Elsevier, 2021-04-01) Hall, Abigail S.; Cote, Susanne
The ecological preferences of ruminant artiodactyls are commonly used to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of Neogene fossil localities throughout Africa. However, comparatively little research has focused on the ecology of ruminant artiodactyls from the Miocene of Africa. Here, we contribute new molar mesowear and hypsodonty data for the ruminant artiodactyls from the early and middle Miocene of Kenya and Uganda. Macroscopic dental characteristics of 608 tragulids, stem pecorans, giraffoids, and bovids dated to between 20 and 13.7 Ma were analyzed. Our hypsodonty results reveal that, whereas tragulids remain brachydont throughout the early and middle Miocene, pecoran ruminants experience an increase in hypsodonty due to the appearance of high-crowned bovids and climacoceratids that migrate into eastern Africa in the middle Miocene. Results from dental mesowear analysis suggest that all tragulids and pecorans were likely browsers, with only one taxon showing mesowear values that overlap with both browsers and mixed feeders in both the upper and lower molars (Canthumeryx sirtensis). None of the taxa analyzed had mesowear scores indicative of a grazing diet. Surprisingly, middle Miocene bovids and climacoceratids, despite possessing gross tooth morphologies adapted to abrasive diets, were largely utilizing a browsing diet. Although the early and middle Miocene habitats of eastern Africa were likely very heterogenous, none of the ruminant artiodactyls present in these habitats is interpreted as having incorporated grasses into their diet in significant quantities.
Open Access
The evolution of hominoid locomotor versatility: Evidence from Moroto, a 21 Ma site in Uganda
(Science, 2023-04-14) MacLatchy, Laura M.; Cote, Susanne M.; Deino, Alan L.; Kityo, Robert M.; Megume, Amon A.T.; Rossie, James B.; Sanders, William J.; Cosman, Miranda N.; Driese, Steven G.; Fox, David L.; Freeman, April J.; Jansma, Rutger J.W.; Jenkins, Kirsten E.H.; Kinyanjui, Rahab N.; Lukens, William E.; McNulty, Kieran P.; Novello, Alice; Peppe, Daniel J.; Strömberg, Caroline A.E.; Uno, Kevin T.; Winkler, Alisa J.; Kingston, John D.
Living hominoids are distinguished by upright torsos and versatile locomotion. It is hypothesized that these features evolved for feeding on fruit from terminal branches in forests. To investigate the evolutionary context of hominoid adaptive origins, multiple paleoenvironmental proxies were analyzed in conjunction with hominoid fossils from the Moroto II site, Uganda. The data indicate seasonally dry woodlands with the earliest evidence of abundant C4 grasses in Africa based on a confirmed age of 21 Ma. We demonstrate that the leafeating hominoid Morotopithecus consumed water-stressed vegetation, while postcrania from the site indicate ape-like locomotor adaptations. These findings suggest that the origin of hominoid locomotor versatility is associated with foraging on leaves in heterogeneous, open woodlands, rather than forests.
Open Access
Additional hominoid fossils from the early Miocene of the Lothidok Formation, Kenya
(Wiley, 2022-07-24) Rossie, B. James; Cote, Susanne
Objectives: Hominoid fossils are abundant at early Miocene fossil sites in the Lothidok Range, located directly west of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. The West Turkana Miocene Project (WTMP) has worked in the Lothidok Range since 2008 with the goal of further elucidating the paleobiology of the hominoids through the recovery of new specimens and detailed documentation of their paleoecological context. To date our research has focused largely on the Kalodirr and Moruorot Site Complexes, both radiometrically dated to ~ 17.5 – 16.8 Ma. Materials and Methods: Our ongoing fieldwork at the Kalodirr Site Complex resulted in the discovery of new dentognathic specimens of the three previously identified species of fossil hominoids – Turkanapithecus kalakolensis, Simiolus enjiessi, and Afropithecus turkanensis. Results: A new mandible and an isolated M3 of T. kalakolensis from Kalodirr further clarify the lower molar morphology of the species and permit identification of KNM-MO 1 as a mandible of T. kalakolensis. A new mandible of S. enjiessi provides evidence of the relative proportions of the first and second lower molars. A new male specimen of A. turkanensis shows unusual P4 morphology that may be a developmental anomaly or a previously unknown morphological variant. Discussion: An improved understanding of the lower molar morphology of T. kalakolensis further strengthens its identification as a nyanzapithecine. Our new specimens and subsequent re-identification of existing collections makes it clear that all three Lothidok hominoids are known from both the Moruorot and Kalodirr Site Complexes. The Lothidok Range holds great promise for further documenting hominoid evolution.
Embargo
A Jew and a Nazi Walk into an Izakaya: Tezuka Osamu's Holocaust Manga
(Routledge, 2023-04-18) Whaley, Ben
Open Access
Oldest evidence of abundant C4 grasses and habitat heterogeneity in eastern Africa
(Science, 2023-04-13) Peppe, J. Daniel; Cote, M. Susanne; Deino, L. Alan; Fox, L. David; Kingston, D. John; Kinyanjui, N. Rahab; Lukens, E. William; MacLatchy, M. Laura; Novello, Alice; Strömberg, A.E. Caroline; Driese, G. Steven; Garrett, D. Nicole; Hillis, R. Kayla; Jacobs, F. Bonnie; Jenkins, E.H. Kirsten; Kityo, Robert; Lehmann, Thomas; Manthi, K. Fredrick; Mbua, N. Emma; Michel, A. Lauren; Miller, R. Ellen; Mugume, A.T. Amon; Muteti, M. Samuel; Nengo, O. Isaiah; Kennedy, O. Oginga; Phelps, R. Samuel; Polissar, Pratigya; Rossie, B. James; Stevens, J. Nancy; Uno, T. Kevin; McNulty, P. Kieran
The assembly of Africa’s iconic C4 grassland ecosystems is central to evolutionary interpretations of many mammal lineages, including hominins. C4 grasses are thought to have become ecologically dominant in Africa only after Ma. However, paleobotanical records older than 10 Ma are sparse, limiting assessment of the timing and nature of C4 biomass expansion. This study utilizes a multiproxy design to document vegetation structure from nine Early Miocene mammal site complexes across eastern Africa. Results demonstrate that, between ~21–17 Ma, C4 grasses were locally abundant, contributing to heterogeneous habitats ranging from forests to wooded grasslands. These data push back the oldest evidence of C4 grass5 dominated habitats in Africa – and globally – by more than 10 Myr, calling for revised paleoecological interpretations of mammalian evolution.
Open Access
Evidence for rapid faunal change in the early Miocene of East Africa based on revised biostratigraphic and radiometric dating of Bukwa, Uganda
(Elsevier, 2017-11-29) Cote, Susanne; Kingston, John; Deino, Alan; Winkler, Alisa; Kityo, Robert; MacLatchy, Laura
Field expeditions to Bukwa in the late 1960s and early 1970s established that the site had a small but diverse early Miocene fauna, including the catarrhine primate Limnopithecus legetet. Initial potassium-argon radiometric dating indicated that Bukwa was 22 Ma, making it the oldest of the East African early Miocene fossil localities known at the time. In contrast, the fauna collected from Bukwa was similar to other fossil localities in the region that were several million years younger. This discrepancy was never resolved, and due to the paucity of primate remains at the site, little subsequent research took place. We collected new fossils at Bukwa, reanalyzed the existing fossil collections, and provided new radiometric dating. 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating ages on lavas bracketing the site indicate that the Bukwa fossils were deposited ~19 Ma, roughly 3 Ma younger than the original radiometric age. Our radiometric dating results are corroborated by a thorough reanalysis of the faunal assemblage. Bukwa shares taxa with both stratigraphically older localities (Tinderet, Napak) and with stratigraphically younger localities (Kisingiri, Turkana Basin) perfectly corresponding to our revised radiometric age. This revised age for Bukwa is important because it indicates that significant faunal turnover may have occurred in East Africa between 20 and 19 Ma. Bukwa samples immigrant taxa such as large suids, large ruminants, and ochotonids that are absent from stratigraphically older but well-sampled localities in the region, such as Tinderet (~20 Ma) and Napak (20 Ma). Further age refinements for Bukwa and the entire East African early Miocene sequence will help to constrain the timing of this faunal turnover event, of particular importance in paleoanthropology since this temporal sequence also provides us with what is currently our best window into the early evolution of cercopithecoid and hominoid primates. We collected new fossils at Bukwa, reanalyzed the existing fossil collections, and provided new radiometric dating. 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating ages on lavas bracketing the site indicate that the Bukwa fossils were deposited ~19 Ma, roughly 3 Ma younger than the original radiometric age. Our radiometric dating results are corroborated by a thorough reanalysis of the faunal assemblage. Bukwa shares taxa with both stratigraphically older localities (Tinderet, Napak) and with stratigraphically younger localities (Kisingiri, Turkana Basin) perfectly corresponding to our revised radiometric age. This revised age for Bukwa is important because it indicates that significant faunal turnover may have occurred in East Africa between 20 and 19 Ma. Bukwa samples immigrant taxa such as large suids, large ruminants, and ochotonids that are absent from stratigraphically older but well-sampled localities in the region, such as Tinderet (~20 Ma) and Napak (20 Ma). Further age refinements for Bukwa and the entire East African early Miocene sequence will help to constrain the timing of this faunal turnover event, of particular importance in paleoanthropology since this temporal sequence also provides us with what is currently our best window into the early evolution of cercopithecoid and hominoid primates.
Open Access
UCalgary Inclusive Map: Web Map, Data Typology, and Data Dictionary
(arcgic.com, 2024-05) Falahatkar, Hawjin; Fast, Victoria
Maps have historically served as powerful tools for understanding spatial relationships and aided in communication, navigation, and informed decision-making. However, conventional mapping processes often overlook the diverse needs of marginalized groups, resulting in a digital divide and less inclusive maps that perpetuate inequalities in the real world. By redefining mapping processes to ensure that maps reflect the spatial behavioral distinctions and needs of all individuals, we can empower less-represented groups to make informed spatial decisions. Focusing on needs of women and those with reduced mobility, maps of urban public spaces play a pivotal role in conveying essential information about spatial features relevant to these groups' navigation and use of space. "UCalgary Inclusive Map" is designed based on an innovative Feminist GIS framework that bridges this socio-spatial gap by combining multidisciplinary ideas from feminism, urban design, accessibility research, and GIS functionalities. This map includes features and attributes representing micro-amenities within the University of Calgary's campus open spaces that influence campus accessibility, safety, diversity, and spatial awareness for everyone.
Open Access
Examining the Conceptual and Measurement Overlap of Body Dissatisfaction and Internalized Weight Stigma in Predominantly Female Samples: A Meta-Analysis and Measurement Refinement Study
(Frontiers Media, 2022-05-16) Saunders, Jessica F.; Nutter, Sarah; Russell-Mayhew, Shelly
Both body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma have been identified as risk factors for many negative health outcomes for women, including depression and eating disorders. In addition to these contributions, these concepts have been found to overlap to various degrees in existing literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on articles published prior to February 2022 to demonstrate the conceptual and measurement overlap between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma as currently quantified. We identified 48 studies examining the interrelation between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma in predominantly female samples. Stronger correlations between these two constructs, some bordering on multicollinearity, were prevalent in community samples compared to clinical samples and with some but not all the commonly used measures in the body image and weight stigma fields. Body mass index (BMI) moderated these relations such that individuals with higher self-reported BMI were more likely to report lower correlations between the constructs. This concept proliferation, stronger for individuals with lower BMIs and community samples, necessitates the need change how we conceptualize and measure body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma. To this end, we conducted study two to refine existing measures and lessen the degree of measurement overlap between internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, particularly in community samples of women. We aimed to clarify the boundaries between these two concepts, ensuring measurement error is better accounted for. Female university students completed existing measures of body satisfaction and internalized weight stigma, which were analyzed using an exploratory followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. In our attempts to modify two existing measures of internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, the majority of the internalized weight stigma items were retained. In contrast, most of the body dissatisfaction items either cross-loaded onto both factors or loaded on to the internalized weight stigma factor despite being intended for the body dissatisfaction factor, suggesting that the measurement issues identified in recent prior research may be due not only to the way we conceptualize and quantify weight stigma, but also the ways in which we quantify body dissatisfaction, across the existing corpus of body dissatisfaction scales.
Open Access
Learning Approaches in Post-Secondary Engineering Education – A Scoping Review
(2024-01-16) Raza, Kashif; Li, Simon
This scoping review is aimed at doing a survey of the learning approaches used by students in engineering education. These approaches could be directly employed by the students or impacted by the teaching strategies used by educators. There seem to be two dominant perspectives on student learning in the field: deep learning and surface learning. The former can be referred to as high-level learning and is highly supported and aimed by educators. The latter is perceived to be a less attractive approach and is often regarded as the opposite of deep learning where students do not necessarily understand a concept but can reproduce the target content during exams or other assessment tasks because they have memorized it. However, we believe that student learning can not always be categorized as deep or surface as there can be practices that fall in-between the two (pattern recognition, mental models, and free learning are some examples reported in the literature). What we intend to do in this scoping review is a survey of the existing approaches reported by the researchers so that we can 1) identify the types of learning approaches dominant in the field; 2) clarify how these approaches are understood and described in the literature; 3) identify and analyze knowledge gaps in the existing literature; and 4) propose a way forward for engineering education in the form of a theoretical framework that can guide future teaching and learning practices as well as research in the field of engineering education. Since there is scarcity of research on the learning approaches in the field of engineering education, a scoping review was considered appropriate to determine what evidence exists on the topic and what “more specific questions can be posed and valuably addressed by a more precise systemic review” (Munn et al., 2018, p. 2).
Open Access
Health, Medicine, and Philosophy in the School of Justin Martyr
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Secord, Jared
In this paper, I contextualize the engagement of Christian intellectuals with the Roman Empire’s medical marketplace in the second century, focusing on Justin Martyr, Tatian, and pseudo-Justin’s On the Resurrection. I show that Justin, Tatian, and pseudo-Justin attempted to derive authority from displays of medical and philosophical expertise regarding bodily and mental health. Justin’s limited interests in bodily health and medicine were driven by his interest in presenting Christians as philosophers who faced death without fear, a goal that aligned him more closely with his philosophical contemporaries. Tatian and pseudo-Justin, in contrast, launched challenges against the authority of physicians, presenting an ascetic form of regimen as a superior Christian method of achieving excellent bodily and mental health.
Open Access
Romantic Relationship Quality and Mental Health in Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Guilford Press, 2022) Xie, Elisabeth Bailin; Rioux, Charlie; Madsen, Joshua; Lebel, Catherine; Giebrecht, Gerald; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne
Introduction: Social capital is important for good mental health and the quality of close relationships is one key indicator of social capital. Examining the association between relationship quality and mental health may be particularly important during pregnancy as mental health concerns during this period pose significant risk to families. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased mental health problems among pregnant individuals. The resulting lockdown protocols of the pandemic has also disrupted larger social networks and couples spent more time together in the context of ongoing chronic stress, highlighting the particular importance of romantic relationship quality. This study explored longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Pregnant individuals (n = 1842) from the Pregnancy During the Pandemic Study were surveyed monthly (April-July 2020). Depression and anxiety symptoms, and relationship satisfaction were self-reported. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between relationship satisfaction and mental health symptoms over time. Results: Relationship satisfaction was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety at all time points. Longitudinally, relationship satisfaction predicted later depression and anxiety symptoms, but depressive and anxiety symptoms did not predict later relationship satisfaction. Discussion: This study suggests that poor relationship satisfaction was linked to subsequent elevations in prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationship enhancement interventions during pregnancy may be a means of improving the mental health of pregnant individuals, and interrupting transgenerational transmission, during times of prolonged psychological distress.
Open Access
Reflections on Teaching & Learning with a Guiding Mapuche Elder
(2023-03-01) Rozanski, Chelsea; Huenchullan, Sara Rodriguez
Partnerships between academics and community collaborators are often framed within the spatial confines of research itself; not extending into post-secondary classrooms and curricula. When Doctoral Candidate Chelsea Rozanski received her first UCalgary Sessional Instructor position for Ethnographic Overview of Latin America (ANTH321) in Fall 2022, she instantly called her key research counterpart, Mapuche Elder Sara Rodriguez Huenchullan, to share the news. As a female academic of European descent, it was essential that Rozanski’s voice would not be the only one in the room. In addition to facilitating a guest speaker series and day panel of UCalgary graduate students from Latin America, Rozanski invited Huenchullan to co-facilitate 5 compensated Knowledge-Sharing Sessions. In this Department of Anthropology and Archaeology AnArky Talk, Chelsea and Sara discuss their process of co-designing a curriculum and working alongside one another in an undergraduate classroom. While shedding light on their pedagogical framework, challenges, and outcomes, they demonstrate how collaborative research partnerships can continue into learning spaces. Former students also share their reflections participating in an Anthropology course guided by an Elder from the region of focus.
Open Access
A Feminist-Driven Computational Urban Design Framework for Mapping Gender-Inclusive Urban Places
(Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM 2023), 2023-07-14) Falahatkar, Hawjin. Fast, Victoria.
A significant hurdle to employing data-driven and computational methods in urban design for people-place relation analysis is when the research is driven not by in-depth knowledge and theory of the field, but by data, which could lead to data autocracy. This paper aims to develop a feminist-driven framework for computational urban design to map, measure, and analyze gender-inclusive features of urban places. The framework suggests that data requirements for a computational urban design assessment need to be initially determined from domain theory patterns. The results demonstrate that the integration of multi-type, multi-scale, and multi-source datasets is needed to address all gender-inclusive features of urban places. Finally, we conclude that by adopting a theory-driven approach, it is possible to define a research system through which the re-searcher can control the data flow, guide the research path, and benefit from opportunities of geospatial big data and data-driven methods for conducting computational urban design.
Open Access
Foundational Literacies & Academic Integrity Skills: Ideas for Supporting Students in an Artificial Intelligence Era
(2023-04-04) Morrow, Leeanne; Moya, Beatriz
The emergence of algorithmic writing technologies capable of producing text from scratch or with little input has disrupted the post-secondary education context and become an invitation for educators to rethink their teaching, learning, and assessment practices. In this webinar, we will invite participants to discuss some limitations and capabilities of these new tools, their potential implications for academic integrity, and explore some recommendations to develop students’ foundational literacies and academic integrity skills in ways that could prevent potential threats to academic integrity. Participants will also have opportunities to share their questions, insights, and recommendations.
Open Access
Sleep and mental health in pregnancy during COVID-19: A parallel process growth model
(Elsevier, 2022-07-21) Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Rioux, Charlie; MacKinnon, Anna; Silang, Katherine; Roos, Leslie; Lebel, Catherine
Pregnancy is associated with elevated risk for poor sleep quality, which increases the risk for poor obstetrical outcomes and parent mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen increased reports of disturbed sleep worldwide; however, the degree this extends to pregnancy or influences pregnancy mental health outcomes has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine changes in pregnant individuals’ sleep, anxiety and depression during the pandemic, and to understand how sleep was associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression over time. The Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort of pregnant individuals (at enrollment) with repeated follow ups during pregnancy and the postpartum period. 3747 pregnant individuals participated between April and July 2020. The present analysis was restricted to participants who completed at least two assessments, yielding a final sample of 1842 pregnant individuals. Depression symptoms were elevated at baseline, and declined gradually over time, but remained elevated relative to pre pandemic levels. Shorter sleep duration, higher sleep disturbance, and more sleep related impairments at baseline predicted a slower decline in depression symptoms over time. More sleep disturbances at baseline also predicted slower decline in anxiety symptoms over time. In contrast, rates of depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline were not predictive of changes in any of the three sleep variables over time. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention for sleep problems in pregnancy, in order to optimize mental health throughout pregnancy and mitigate long term negative outcomes.
Open Access
Time/frame: Rewriting the Mirror Stage in Lacan's Anxiety Seminar
(Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English, 2019-01) Sigler, David; Lypka, Celiese
This essay assesses Jacques Lacan’s comments on the mirror stage in his Seminar X: Anxiety, given between 1962–63. These comments stress the importance of time, framing, and the uncanny as factors in the mirror stage, thus giving Lacan’s signature concept several unexpected points of emphasis. As we compare the frame around the edges of a mirror to other framed stages discussed in Lacan’s seminar, we consider the implications of this new way of conceptualizing the mirror stage for literary studies and Lacanian psychoanalysis.
Open Access
The Rise (And Fall?) of Inflation in Canada: A Detailed Analysis of Its Post-Pandemic Experience
(2022-09-10) Tombe, Trevor; Chen, Yu
Canada's inflation rate rose from 3.1 percent in June 2021 to 8.1 percent one year later. What's behind this rapid surge? And will higher interest rates ease the pressure? We explore these questions with a detailed analysis of recently rising inflation. We find a few items dominate, especially energy and items sensitive to oil prices. To separate demand- from supply-driven inflation, we use detailed household expenditure data and find rising inflation is primarily the latter. We also find items with normally transitory price changes or those highly sensitive to interest rates also account for nearly all of inflation's rise. While much uncertainty remains, time and tighter monetary policy may likely help decrease inflation.
Open Access
Systematic Construction of Natural Deduction Systems for Many-valued Logics: Extended Report
(IEEE, 1993-05-01) Baaz, Matthias; Fermüller, Christian G.; Zach, Richard
We exhibit a construction principle for natural deduction systems for arbitrary finitely-many-valued first order logics. These systems are systematically obtained from sequent calculi, which in turn can be extracted from the truth tables of the logics under consideration. Soundness and cut-free completeness of these sequent calculi translate into soundness, completeness and normal form theorems for the natural deduction systems.
Open Access
Note on calculi for a three-valued logic for logic programming
(1992) Baaz, Matthias; Zach, Richard