The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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dc.contributor.authorFiest, Kirsten M.
dc.contributor.authorJette, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorRoberts, Jodie I.
dc.contributor.authorMaxwell, Colleen J.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Eric E.
dc.contributor.authorBlack, Sandra E.
dc.contributor.authorBlaikie, Laura
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Adrienne
dc.contributor.authorDay, Lundy
dc.contributor.authorHolroyd-Leduc, Jayna
dc.contributor.authorKirk, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorPearson, Dawn
dc.contributor.authorPringsheim, Tamara
dc.contributor.authorVenegas-Torres, Andres
dc.contributor.authorHogan, David B.
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-24T21:11:57Z
dc.date.available2019-01-24T21:11:57Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Dementia is a common neurological condition affecting many older individuals that leads to a loss of independence, diminished quality of life, premature mortality, caregiver burden and high levels of healthcare utilization and cost. This is an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 (1985 for Canadian papers) and July of 2012. Papers selected for full-text review were included in the systematic review if they provided an original population-based estimate for the incidence and/or prevalence of dementia. The reference lists of included articles were also searched for additional studies. Two individuals independently performed abstract and full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment of the papers. Random-effects models and/or meta-regression were used to generate pooled estimates by age, sex, setting (i.e., community, institution, both), diagnostic criteria utilized, location (i.e., continent) and year of data collection. Results: Of 16,066 abstracts screened, 707 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 160 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among individuals 60 and over residing in the community, the pooled point and annual period prevalence estimates of dementia were 48.62 (CI95%: 41.98-56.32) and 69.07 (CI95%: 52.36-91.11) per 1000 persons, respectively. The respective pooled incidence rate (same age and setting) was 17.18 (CI95%: 13.90-21.23) per 1000 person-years, while the annual incidence proportion was 52.85 (CI95%: 33.08-84.42) per 1,000 persons. Increasing participant age was associated with a higher dementia prevalence and incidence. Annual period prevalence was higher in North America than in South America, Europe and Asia (in order of decreasing period prevalence) and higher in institutional compared to community and combined settings. Sex, diagnostic criteria (except for incidence proportion) and year of data collection were not associated with statistically significant different estimates of prevalence or incidence, though estimates were consistently higher for females than males. Conclusions: Dementia is a common neurological condition in older individuals. Significant gaps in knowledge about its epidemiology were identified, particularly with regard to the incidence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries. Accurate estimates of prevalence and incidence of dementia are needed to plan for the health and social services that will be required to deal with an aging population.
dc.description.grantingagencyPublic Health Agency of Canada
dc.identifier.citationFiest, K. M., Jetté, N., Roberts, J. I., Maxwell, C. J., Smith, E. E., Black, S. E., … Hogan, D. B. (2016). The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, 43(S1), S3–S50. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.18
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/cjn.2016.18
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/35785
dc.identifier.issn0317-1671
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/109526
dc.publisherCAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
dc.publisher.departmentCritical Care Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyCumming School of Medicine
dc.publisher.hasversionPublished version
dc.publisher.policyhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies
dc.rights© The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc. 2016
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectdementia
dc.subjectmeta-analysis
dc.subjectsystematic review
dc.titleThe Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
dc.typeReview
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