Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the seasonal pattern of hospitalizations for acute respiratory diseases among children in Alberta, Canada

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dc.contributor.authorLukac, Christine D
dc.contributor.authorSimms, Brett
dc.contributor.authorKwong, Grace P.S.
dc.contributor.authorHolodinsky, Jessalyn K.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, David W.
dc.contributor.authorKellner, James D.
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-27T20:08:06Z
dc.date.available2024-03-27T20:08:06Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionAMMI Canada - CACMID Annual Conference, Vancouver, Canada, April 9-12, 2024.
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Acute infectious respiratory diseases (ARD) among children generally have a biennial pattern – peak incidence is highest every other winter. This seasonal pattern of ARD was interrupted in 2020 by SARS-CoV-2 and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). We conducted a population based retrospective cohort study in Alberta, that measured the impact on (i) the weekly incidence of hospitalizations to quantify healthcare use, (ii) the weekly percent of PICU admissions to monitor clinical severity, and (iii) the weekly average age at discharge to characterise the affected population. Methods: From Apr 2003-Dec 2023, all hospital discharges and PICU admissions for ARD (i.e. bronchiolitis, pneumonia, influenza-like-illness, and croup) among children < 18 years old were identified in the provincial hospital Discharge Abstract Database. Weekly incidence of hospital discharge was calculated using population denominators. Weekly percent PICU admissions was calculated using all hospital discharges as the denominator. Weekly average age at discharge was calculated from birth to discharge in months. Seasonal autoregressive-integrated-moving-average (SARIMA) models predicted the expected weekly outcomes from Apr 2020 onward. Incidence ratios and percent change compared observed versus expected outcomes. Analyses were conducted in R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31) and R studio build 2022.12.0+353. Results: There were 63,776 hospitalizations for ARD among children from Apr 2003-Dec 2023: 22,963 (36.01%) for bronchiolitis, 23,977 (37.44%) for pneumonia, 10,833 (16.97%) for influenza-like-illness, and 4,984 (7.81%) for croup. Of the hospitalizations, 4,167 (6.53%) included a PICU admission. The average weekly incidence of hospitalization for ARD per 100,000 children decreased 12.71-fold during Dec 2020-Feb 2021 (0.82 observed vs. 10.42 [95%CI 5.11, 15.73] expected) and increased 1.51-fold during Dec 2022-Feb 2023 (16.28 observed vs. 10.77 [95%CI 4.71, 16.83] expected). The average percentage of PICU admissions steadily increased from 4.07% (95%CI 1.22%, 6.91%) in Dec 2003-Feb 2004 to 10.48% (95%CI 8.36%, 12.60%) in Dec 2019-Feb 2020. There was no significant change in the percentage of PICU admissions in Dec 2020-Feb 2021 and Dec 2022-Feb 2023, 11.17% (95%CI 0.00%, 26.32%) and 11.86% (95%CI 9.33%, 14.39%) respectively. During each winter season, the average age at discharge decreased to 25 months (95%CI 17.85, 33.74) annually. Similar patterns for incidence of hospitalizations, percent PICU admissions, and average age at discharge were observed for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, influenza-like-illness, and croup. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 and NPI had significant impacts on provincial hospitalization for ARD among children. Initially hospitalizations for ARD decreased 12.71-fold during Dec 2020-Feb 2021. With SARS-CoV-2 vaccine availability, increased population immunity, and relaxation of NPI, hospitalizations for ARD increased 1.51-fold during Dec 2022-Feb 2023. However, there was no change in clinical severity based on percent PICU admissions, and no change in affected population based on average age at discharge.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/118334
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/43177
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisher.facultyArtsen
dc.publisher.institutionDepartment of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
dc.rightsUnless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectPopulation surveillence
dc.subjectAcute infectious respiratory diseases
dc.subjectBronchiolitis
dc.subjectPneumonia
dc.subjectInfluenza-like illness
dc.subjectCroup
dc.subjectPediatrics
dc.titleImpacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the seasonal pattern of hospitalizations for acute respiratory diseases among children in Alberta, Canada
dc.typePresentation
ucalgary.scholar.levelPost Graduate Medical Education, General Pediatrics Resident
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