The Cystic Fibrosis Microbiome and its Association with Incident Infections with Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) abscessus
Date
2021-05-13
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Abstract
Infection with M. abscessus complex (MABC) is increasingly detected within CF populations. MABC infection has been associated with exaggerated lung function decline and poses significant treatment complexities. We performed a retrospective case-control study of twenty-one patients with MABC infection matching each to two randomly identified age (+/-2 yrs) and gender-matched uninfected controls. Total genomic DNA from sputum was extracted, amplified and Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing of the hypervariable V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed. Demographics and dynamic variables of disease were recorded and compared between groups. 174 sputum samples (median 8, IQR (6-12)) from MABC cases and 42 control samples were assessed. The sputum microbiota from patients who would develop MABC infection in the subsequent two years differed from controls (p=0.038, R2 = 2.5%, PERMANOVA). In particular, sputum from MABC cases – prior to its identification – had higher alpha-diversity; Shannon diversity (p=0.023), Observed species (p=0.042) and lower P. aeruginosa relative and absolute abundance (p=0.035). We observed significant changes in community structure over time during potent antibacterial therapies, returning to baseline upon their discontinuation. These data suggest that sputum microbiome analysis and P. aeruginosa bioburden should be evaluated in multi-center studies as potential biomarkers to predict MABC infection and treatment response.
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Keywords
cystic fibrosis, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium , pulmonary microbiome, 16S rRNA sequencing, sputum,
Citation
Bharadwaj, L. (2021). The Cystic Fibrosis Microbiome and its Association with Incident Infections with Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) abscessus (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.