Solid acid catalysts produced by sulfonation of petroleum coke: Dominant role of aromatic hydrogen

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dc.contributor.authorXiao, Ye
dc.contributor.authorHill, Josephine M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-30T18:22:48Z
dc.date.available2020-01-30T18:22:48Z
dc.date.issued2020-06-01
dc.description.abstractCarbon based solid waste materials have been intensively investigated for the preparation of solid acid catalysts through sulfonation, but the acidity varies significantly depending on the material. In this study, the role of aromatic hydrogen in sulfonation with concentrated H2SO4 was investigated using petroleum coke (petcoke), graphite, and biochar as the carbon materials. Through ball milling and calcination, the amount of aromatic hydrogen on the petcoke could be increased or decreased, respectively. After sulfonation at 80 °C with concentrated H2SO4, the produced acidity (i.e., –SO3H groups) increased as the amount of aromatic hydrogen increased from essentially no acidity on graphite to 0.55 mmol/g on biochar and 1.25 mmol/g on petcoke (particle sizes of 45–90 μm) indicating the importance of aromatic hydrogen during sulfonation. Calcination (350 °C for 1 h) of the petcoke before sulfonation decreased the acidity to 0.59 mmol/g, while ball milling (with isopropanol and silica for 24 h) increased the acidity to 3.73 mmol/g. The sulfonated petcoke samples were used as catalysts for the esterification reaction between octanoic acid and methanol at 60 °C and the turnover frequencies were 48–85 h−1. The results give insights on the preparation of solid acid catalysts from carbon materials and highlight the application of petcoke without activation as a feedstock for esterification catalysts.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125981en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/111586
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/46043
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisher.departmentChemical & Petroleum Engineeringen_US
dc.publisher.facultySchulich School of Engineeringen_US
dc.publisher.hasversionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.rightsUnless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0en_US
dc.subjectPetroleum cokeen_US
dc.subjectSulfonationen_US
dc.subjectSolid aciden_US
dc.subjectAromatic hydrogenen_US
dc.subjectEsterificationen_US
dc.titleSolid acid catalysts produced by sulfonation of petroleum coke: Dominant role of aromatic hydrogenen_US
dc.typejournal articleen_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrueen_US
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