The Ecosystem of Commercial Academic Fraud
Date
2022-09-28
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Calgary
Abstract
This graphic depicts the intersection and overlap between various types of commercial academic fraud and cheating. There are four overlapping categories including: (1) degree mills (i.e., fake and fraudulent diplomas, transcripts, reference letters, and other academic and professional documents; (2) contract cheating (i.e., outsourced student academic work such as term paper mills, assignment completion services, thesis writing services, and student proxy services; (3) admissions fraud (i.e., impersonation and fraud services for standardized admissions testing, language proficiency testing, and unethical educational agents); and (4) paper mills (i.e., manufactured scholarly and scientific publications and authorship for sale.) At the heart of all of this is intentional academic fraud.
Description
Keywords
academic misconduct, academic integrity, contract cheating, academic dishonesty, fake degree, fraud, impersonation, student proxy, paper mills, scholarly publishing
Citation
Eaton, S. E., & Carmichael, J. (2022). The ecosystem of commercial academic fraud. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary.